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Using search operators

This article explains the search operators you can use to combine and refine your search terms directly in the search field.

Written by Moritz Brunner

Besides the filters, you can also refine your research directly in the search field – using what are called search operators. With them you can exclude terms, search for exact phrases or combine several terms. This gives you more precise results without having to set every filter individually.

An expandable "Search tips" note right next to the search field summarizes the most important operators at any time.

The operators at a glance

  • Exclude terms: -term
    Hides all results that contain this term.
    Example: environmental education -climate research finds results on environmental education, but without climate research.

  • Exact phrase: "..."
    Finds only results in which the words appear in exactly this order.
    Example: "early childhood" finds only the exact phrase, not "childhood" and "early" separately.

  • AND combination: "term1 + term2"
    Finds only results that contain both terms.
    Example: "education + digitalization" returns only results in which both terms appear.

  • OR combination: term1 term2
    Finds results that contain at least one of the terms (separate several terms with a space).
    Example: education digitalization returns results on education or digitalization.

  • Word stem / wildcard: term*
    Finds all words with the same word stem.
    Example: develop* finds, among others, development and developing.

Combining operators

The operators can be combined with each other and with the filters in any way you like. That way, a few characters get you to very targeted results.

Example: "early childhood" -research finds results for the exact phrase "early childhood" but excludes anything with "research".

Summary

Search operators are a quick complement to the filters: exclude with -, exact phrases with "…", combine terms with "… + …" or with a space, and word stems with *. Combined with the filters, they help you find exactly the organizations or projects that fit your research.

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